摘要
高熵合金（High-Entropy Alloys, HEAs）是一类由多种主元素组成的新型金属材料，因其独特的多主元协同效应而表现出优异的力学性能和多功能特性。近年来，高熵合金在强韧化设计、极端环境服役及功能化应用方面取得了重要进展。本文系统综述2019-2024年高熵合金力学性能与功能性能的研究进展。首先介绍高熵合金的发展背景、基本设计理念及性能调控机制；随后重点总结其力学性能研究进展，包括强塑性协同、异构结构强化、动态变形行为及理论模拟等方面；进一步综述高熵合金在磁学、热稳定性、耐腐蚀、电催化及超导等功能性能领域的研究现状；最后分析高熵合金未来发展趋势，包括智能设计、多功能协同优化及工程化应用等方向。
关键词： 高熵合金；力学性能；功能性能；强韧化；多功能材料
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new type of metallic material composed of multiple principal elements, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties and multifunctional characteristics due to their unique multi-principal element synergistic effect. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the strengthening and toughening design, service in extreme environments, and functional applications of HEAs. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the mechanical and functional properties of HEAs from 2019 to 2024. First, the development background, basic design concepts, and performance regulation mechanisms of HEAs are introduced. Then, the research progress on their mechanical properties is summarized, including the synergy of strength and plasticity, heterogeneous structure strengthening, dynamic deformation behavior, and theoretical simulation. Further, the research status of HEAs in the fields of magnetic properties, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, electrocatalysis, and superconductivity is reviewed. Finally, the future development trends of HEAs are analyzed, including intelligent design, multifunctional synergistic optimization, and engineering applications.
Key words： High-entropy alloys; Mechanical properties; Functional properties; Strengthening and toughening; Multifunctional materials
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