摘要
高温超导材料自1986年被发现以来，一直是凝聚态物理与材料科学研究的热点。这类材料能在高于液氮温度下展现出零电阻和完全抗磁性，为其在能源传输、磁性应用和交通等领域的实用化铺平了道路。本文全面梳理了高温超导材料的基础理论、各类材料的发展历程、制备技术、性能测试方法以及目前的应用现状和面临的挑战。从第一代基于铜氧化物的高温超导材料到最新发现的铁基超导材料，技术逐步成熟，应用前景广阔。同时，新型制备工艺和微观结构调控技术的进步，为提高材料性能和降低成本提供了可能。尽管存在着稳定性和成本等挑战，但通过不断地技术创新和应用拓展，高温超导材料预计将在未来发挥更为重要的作用。本文旨在为研究人员提供一个高温超导材料的发展概览，并对其应用前景进行分析。
关键词： 高温超导；材料；应用
Abstract
High-temperature superconducting materials have been a hot spot in condensed matter physics and materials science research since their discovery in 1986. Such materials can exhibit zero resistance and complete antimagnetism at temperatures higher than that of liquid nitrogen, paving the way for their practical application in fields such as energy transmission, magnetic applications and transportation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental theories of high-temperature superconducting materials, the development history of various types of materials, preparation techniques, performance testing methods, as well as the current status of their applications and the challenges they face. From the first generation of high-temperature superconducting materials based on copper oxides to the latest discovery of iron-based superconducting materials, the technology has gradually matured and the application prospect is broad. Meanwhile, advances in novel preparation processes and microstructure modulation techniques offer the possibility of improving material properties and reducing costs. Despite the challenges of stability and cost, high-temperature superconducting materials are expected to play a more important role in the future through continuous technological innovation and application expansion. The aim of this paper is to provide researchers with an overview of the development of high-temperature superconducting materials and to analyse the prospects for their applications.
Key words： High-temperature superconducting; Materials; Applications
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